31 Aug Pneumonia
What is Pneumonia?
Pneumonia is an infection that can take place in one or both lungs. More specifically, it inflames airspace in the lungs that can make it difficult to breathe. It is most commonly caused by bacteria, as is the case with Streptococcus pneumoniae, but it can also be caused by a viral or fungal infection.
Causes of pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of pneumonia, but other types of bacteria can cause this infection. Additional causes include:
- Legionella pneumophila
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
Viruses and fungi can also cause pneumonia. They include measles, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, and Coccidioides. In addition, some people are more likely to develop pneumonia than others. Those with weakened immune systems, children under 2, and those over 65 are more likely to develop this infection.
Symptoms of pneumonia
A cough is the most common symptom of pneumonia. It can include discolored mucus, but that isn’t always the case. Fever, chills, and shortness of breath are also common with pneumonia.
Additional symptoms can include:
- Chest pain
- Headaches
- Excessive sweating
- Fatigue
It is important to identify the symptoms of pneumonia and get treated right away. This infection can result in hospitalization and, if not addressed properly, even death.
Treatment options
Antibiotics are most often prescribed to treat pneumonia that is caused by bacteria and fungi. However, the type of antibiotic and dosage will depend on the specific strain that is responsible for the infection, as well as the patient’s present health condition. This form of treatment can easily be administered at home with no need for hospitalization. Viral pneumonia must be treated with other medications such as Tamiflu and Relenza.
Primary-care physicians can manage care for pneumonia, but in some cases specialists may need to be involved. For patients with a reoccurring, underlying condition that frequently causes pneumonia, a pulmonologist or critical-care specialist may provide care, especially if the patient has been hospitalized.